Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), often abbreviated as PVOH, is a synthetic water-soluble polymer that has gained immense popularity due to its unique combination of properties. First developed in 1924 by Hermann and Haehnel, PVA stands out as one of the most versatile polymers available today, finding use across diverse industries ranging from textiles to pharmaceuticals. Its distinctive characteristics—such as high water solubility, biocompatibility, and excellent film-forming ability—have paved the way for innovative applications.PVA is derived from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) through a hydrolysis or alcoholysis process. This reaction replaces the acetate groups of PVAc with hydroxyl groups, resulting in a polymer with the general chemical formula (C2H4O)n(C_2H_4O)_n(C2​H4​O)n​. The degree of hydrolysis and polymerization plays a critical role in determining the properties of PVA.